Reading+Log+1

​**Great ** Your job will be to read the article and answer the questions given

Read the following text and answer the following questions:
 * __Reading Log 1__**

I. Pre-reading: a. What do you know about the chaos theory? About the caos theory I do not know much, nevertheless, I know that it is the theory derived from the mathematics and the physics, which studies the behaviors of certain systems.

b. What do you think the text will be about?  I think that this text is going to clarify the origin of the chaos theory, what it is and to explain everything relating with the same one.

c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read. 1. Behavior 2. Systems 3. Dinamics 4. Stability 5. Instability 6. Chaotic 7. Dimension **Good**  Now click on the following link, then check your previous responses. Once you finish, please answer the questions below the picture []

II. Reading:

1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.) The words that coincided between the text and that I wrote are: 1. Dynamics 2. Systems 3. Chaotic 4. Behavior

2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text. 3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined, the general class words and the characteristics of the terms. 4. Find the descriptions if any. 5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent:

a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems __**that**__ are sensitive to **__their initial conditions__**

**__THAT__** refers to systems.  __**THEIR INITIAL CONDITIONS**__ refers to the initial conditions of systems.

b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, **__it__** was due to random external influences

**__IT__**  refers to the unpredictable behavior of the dynamics of a system.

c. “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in __**the former**__ will produce an enormous error in __ **the latter** __. Prediction becomes impossible.…”


 * __THE FORMER__ **refers to small differences in the initial conditions.
 * __THE LATTER__ ** is refers to the final phenomenarefers to the final phenomena.

d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed **__them__** to easily model and visualize chaotic systems.

e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model __ **that** __, __**when plotted**__ ...
 * __THEM__ ** refers to scientists.

** __THAT__ ** refers to a structure in his chaotic weather model. __**WHEN PLOTTED**__ refers to the same structure.

6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory?

Thanks to this text, I learned more about chaos theory, achieving discover that describes the dynamics of sensitive systems to his initial conditions and that the systems are deterministic because despite following a specific algorithm, for the observer his working is like random.

7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain

The chaos theory it is related to real life aspects, in fact,in the text has been cited many examples to prove it such as the electric circuits, lasers, electric brain activity, circadian rhythms, etc., in which occurs a chaotic behavior.

Chaos Theory Encyclopedia Article __ Chaos Theory , <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #98ee3a; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">theory <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #ea7210; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions __<span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Chaotic systems are mathematically deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer. // **Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and chemical reactions.** //<span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the stock exchange, may be chaotic. The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science. <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely. It is now known that many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences. Such systems are called chaotic. **//Even very simple systems, such as a pendulum, exhibit chaos.//** <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used Poincaré's work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (//see// Meteorology). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped fractal set of points of a type now known as a strange attractor. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible. <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> By the early 1980s, experiments regularly showed that many physical and biological systems behave chaotically. One of the first such systems to be discovered was the dripping water faucet. Under certain conditions, the timing between water drops from a leaking faucet demonstrates chaotic behavior, making the long-term prediction of the timing of drops impossible. <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> According to recent evidence, Poincaré's observations concerning the unpredictability of the solar system appear to be correct. Observations and computer simulations of the irregular tumbling motion of Hyperion, a potato-shaped moon of Saturn, have provided the first conclusive proof that objects in the solar system can behave chaotically. Recent computer simulations have also shown that __ the orbit of Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system , is chaotic .__ <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Scientists are currently developing applications that use chaos. **//New chaos-aware control techniques are being used to stabilize lasers, manipulate chemical reactions, encode information, and change chaotic heart rhythms into healthy, regular heart rhythms.//**
 * //The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. Two identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different.//** French mathematician Henri Poincaré concluded that he could not prove the solar system to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos: “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…” <span style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">